[14], According to economic historian Jan De Vries, Venice's economic power in the Mediterranean had declined significantly by the start of the 17th century. Escpaces, pouvoir et socit Venise la fin du Moyen Age, 2 Bde, Rome 1992, Gerhard Rsch, Der venezianische Adel bis zur Schliessung des Grossen Rates: zur Genese einer Fhrungsschicht, Sigmaringen: Thorbecke 1989. Shortly afterwards, a disgruntled citizen followed Doge Vital II Micheledown a side street and murdered him. Art During The Renaissance in Venice - ThoughtCo Economy of Europe in an Age of Crisis, 16001750. Thus, the spirit of political and religious conservatism grew increasingly tenacious in Venice. After helping defeat Charlemagne in battle, it was granted de facto independence in 814, then full independence in 992. So Venice declined into economic stagnation, embittered by a constitutional conflict between the Consiglio dei Rogati and the Council of Ten for control of the public finances. [17], According to Diego Puga and Daniel Trefler, the Serrata del Maggior Consiglio (which made the parliamentary participation hereditary) led to barriers to participation in the most profitable aspects of long-distance trade. The end of the republic came after the outbreak of the French Revolution. The celebrated practice of courtesanship supplied the island-republic with an exotic flare that set Venice apart from many other European cities. These events, together with the promotion of Venice as an international conference centre, bind the citys economy ever more firmly to tourism. In addition Italian traders were used to means of payment, which could help avoiding transportation of gold and silver which were expensive and dangerous. Venice played an important role in Byzantine trade, as a commercial outlet and a supply center to the empire. The paper gives the example of Zaccaria Staganzo, the grandson of a slave, who was successful in trade that his descendants served on several iterations of the ruling Great Council. The Venetians, natural entrepreneurs, began to find other markets, and the city became a significant exporter of agricultural products and developed new markets such as the glass industry. What was the economic status of Venice in the 16th century? This environment allowed for an incredible amount of financial and legal innovation. They could only try to make their way through Armenia, Persia, Turkestan. A good deal of the difference between men's and women's legal status derived from the patrilineal system of descent and succession. A new NBER working paper from Diego Puga and Daniel Trefler takes a deep look at the data and history of how it happened. A married, and thus dowered, daughter or a man who died intestate had no further claim on his estate. In 969, Constantinople regained control of Eastern Mediterranean. Stay up to date with what you want to know. After a long campaign (164569), Crete, Venices last possession in the eastern Mediterranean, fell to the Turks, the Venetians being allowed to retain only a few strongholds. The wealthiest and most powerful families feared erosion of their status. The nuclei around Olivolo, San Marco and Rialto made up three foci, one concentrated on ship building arsenal, one as political centre, one as centre of trade and exchange. Moreover, the city was to become one of the centers of European art until the 18th century.[11]. The Serene Republic as it was known was governed by a Doge who was elected by the citizen body. At its entrance is an elaborately decorated gateway with a fine group of stone lions guarding what was until the 18th century Europes largest industrial complex. In the early 16th century the population of Venice was about 175 000 people. The 16th century marked the crest of a wave for the Venetian Republic; afterward, there was a long recessional. The massive expansion of Venice's trade after 1082 led to even greater reform. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. The patriarchal oligarchy governing Venice denied any political rights to women, and instead relegated them to the private confines of their homes and neighborhoods. This stratification in political and economic power led to a fundamental shift from political openness, economic competition, and social mobility to political closure, extreme economic inequality, and social stratification and stiffness. This trade did not contribute less to the wealth of the patriciate than the abundant rest of the trade.[2]. Venice and Print. Scattered throughout Venice are small boatyards and other traditional luxury craft workshops producing lace, textiles, and furniture. The 16th century was the Age of Exploration, and European kingdoms such as Portugal created trans-Oceanic trade routes. Additionally, they nationalized the Galley fleet. Reprinted in 1975 (New York: Schocken). In early Modern Times the power of Venice reached its climax, but the tiny super power was unable to confront the enormous powers of the Ottomans and of Spain with their gigantic resources. Unlock your team's curiosity and willingness to take smart risks. However, they could not afford to pay for their passage. Beyerle, Leges Langobardorum, 195 (Ahistulfi leges I,4). At the latest during the 6th century fishery, but overall sea salt and grain played the major roles. Other small island settlements such as Burano, Caorle, Malamocco, and Torcello traditionally depended on the local economic activities of the lagoon: fishing and fowling, salt production, and horticulture. Economic Status Due to their high status of trading, the economy was very good in Venice, during the 16th century. The Republics printers produced many important volumes of Latin and Greek authors, and this was very important for the study of the classical past. The Fourth Crusade was another expedition by Christians to reclaim the Holy City of Jerusalem that was occupied by the Muslims. Additionally, huge capital investments were required to finance a ship and its cargo. Economic history of Europe (1000 AD-present) - Wikipedia women still managed to exert some influence on economic and social relations through the acquisition of dowries and management of the family's wealth and income. Jews and Christians in Venice - Renaissance and Reformation - Oxford Among the other great painters that lived and worked in the Republic were Tintoretto (15181594), and he helped to develop the Mannerist School which prefigured Baroque Art. See how the Venice Carnival is celebrated, All the Worlds a Stage: 6 Places in Shakespeare, Then and Now, 6 Significant Buildings to Visit in Venice. It was very democratic for the time and its institutions and laws were by contemporary standards very equitable. Ottoman Empire and the Venetian Republic Venice This shouldn't surprise us, for Venice in the late 16th and early 17th centuries - the period in which Othello is set and when Shakespeare wrote his play - was still home to people of a wide variety of cultural and ethnic backgrounds. . The Venetians, however, soon became involved in another war, this time with Ferrara. The seventeenth century was not an era of drastic changes in the status or conditions of women. The settlements from which later on Venice grew up, could revive the late Roman trade with Northern Italy. Fishermen in small craft continue to be common sights in the lagoon. Although industrial activity at Marghera has declined, the long-term damage of pollution is still felt. Roberto Cessi (ed. Although the old clans tried to prevent this development, they could not stop it. These included Titian (1498-1575) and Giorgione (c. 1477/81510). By the early 16th century, the city had developed an indigenous printing industry. Just as with Florence, Venice was a Republic during the Renaissance.Actually, Venice was an empire that controlled land in what is modern day Italy, a whole lot of sea coast down the Adriatic and countless islands. To these three urban centres developed between the 12th and 14th centuries, which were dedicated to trade through the great European trade areas of the Baltic and the Mediterranean, a third trade centre on the Atlantic was added in the 16th century. Women were widely viewed as emblems of Catholic morality, serving primarily as matriarchs of the domestic household. If, as Michael Porter wrote, competitive advantage stems from how activities fit and reinforce one another.creating a chain that is as strong as its strongest link, then strategic fit is something that the Venetian Republic had in spades. Alessandro Barbero, professor of medieval history at the University of Eastern Piedmont, in Italy, notes that the galley remained for a long time the favorite vessel of Venetian navigators. Most organizations would be happy to last for centuries, as the Venetian Republic did. Still the salt monopoly was of utmost importance,[1] even more so the trade of wheat and millet. Martin, John Jeffries, and Dennis Romano, eds. Beginner's guide: Venice in the 15th century - Smarthistory [5] This involved it in wars against an alliance of Italian principalities and city-states. The Venetian elite auctioned off the services of these fleets to a small group of rich friends, protected them from competitors, and collected huge rents. There also emerged a school of sculpture in the city that interpreted the classical tradition in a poetic and sensitive style. Over the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Venice did not expand much in population or per capita income, but it remained one of the richest parts of Italy and Europe until overtaken by the Dutch in the seventeenth century. It is not surprising that men exclusively dictated the societal expectations of women. Accelerate your career with Harvard ManageMentor. Cities grew fast and assumed an ever-increasing cultural and economic role. This diminished the ability of those outside of the hereditary aristocracy to participate in political decisions and in economic processes such as the colleganza. The Venetians were very independent-minded and often resisted Papal policies, even during the Counter-Reformation. What was Venice economic status in the 16th century? They often acted as counselors in the home, "tempering" their husbands' words and actions. Venetian policy in the 16th century was dictated by the need to keep intact its political, economic, and territorial heritage against the advance of the Turks on the one side and the pressure of the great western European powers on the other. Most of the citys workers find employment in tourism and its related industries, now continuous through all seasons. Until the end of the 16th century, Italy was the most prosperous land among the other parts of Europe. xi, 284. While the printing press was developed in Germany in the late 15th century, Venetians quickly adopted the technology. A second way led to Trabzon further to the Persian Gulf to India, a third one from Tana at the mouth of the river Don to the Volga and the Caspian Sea to India. In addition, the merchants participated in growing trade with the Holy Land, where Acre played the main role until 1291. Not only was the Eastern market lost, but the discovery of new lands in the West and new trade routes to the East released Europe from dependence on Venetian merchants. Together with the monopoly in the Adriatic Sea and the staple, and the fact that merchants could only trade in Venice with the intermediates that the city provided, Venice was on the way to monopolizing trade between West and East. The play takes place sometime . Venice, Cyprus, & Mauritania - Othello WebQuest - Google Sites The emergence of modern Europe, 1500-1648 - Britannica In addition it offered many opportunities to regulate the local balances of power and secured partly the means of living - especially wheat - for the mother town. Despite the predominance of intermediary trade, ship building was an industry of utmost importance right from the beginning - and it was by far the most important employer. But when change comes suddenly, it can turn strengths into weaknesses and sweep away even thousand-year success stories. In the early 16th century the population of Venice was about 175 000 people. Transportation in Venice was done by the use of canal systems. Cloth $14.95, paper $4.95", Hans-Jrgen Hbner: Wirtschaftsgeschichte Venedigs, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economic_history_of_Venice&oldid=1149837638. Because of these guidelines, women were denied freedom of mind and body, and their identities were confined within their own domestic fortresses. Most organizations would be happy to last for centuries, as the Venetian Republic did. Aufl. What was the greatest source of wealth in 16th century Venice? 2: The Venetian Money Market: Banks, Panics and the Public Debt, 12001500, Baltimore/London 1985 and 1997, Gino Luzzatto, I prestiti della Repubblica di Venezia (sec. In the early 16th century the population of Venice was about 175 000 people. They dwelled in the Fondaco dei Tedeschi and they were helped and controlled by Visdomini del Fondaco. (3) Since the merchant was out of sight of investors, agency problems abounded(moral hazard and asymmetric information). Venice floods: Historical myths may attract the aid city needs Merchants and traders played the game of incremental innovation by focusing on efficiency and optimization. A new NBER. The Arabian conquest of Jerusalem caused a long lasting deviation of trade routes to Baghdad and Tabriz. 16th Century Venice by Amani Briggs - Prezi However, shipwreck and piracy were common, and a weather delay could lead to a merchant entirely missing the market, forcing him to sell at a significant loss. Northern Italy (Milan, Florence, Genoa and Venice with their hinterlands). [3] Venice became the wealthiest city in Europe and maintained the largest navy in the Mediterranean by 1200. As a result, it was uniquely free from the political and military pressures of the rest of Europe. In compensation for military aid against the Arabs of southern Italy, the Byzantine emperor Basil II had reduced the tax for the ships by half. In some pamphlets, parents were even advised to prevent their daughters from participating in any forms of recreation that could potentially threaten their proper moral upbringing. What was the role of women in 16th century Venice? We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Titian who lived to a great age was noted for his daring compositions. Later, in 1082, Venice helped stall a Norman invasion of the city. Venice's wealth helped to foster the economic conditions that promoted the cultural and artistic flourishing of the Renaissance. What was the economy of the Republic of Venice? The early years of Venice Profits were split in a pre-arranged manner. Access more than 40 courses trusted by Fortune 500 companies. Shipbuilding inevitably became a major industry. The Venetian response was a contract known as thecolleganza, one of the first examples of a joint stock company. While the printing press was developed in Germany in the late 15th century, Venetians quickly adopted the technology. 'Private Lives in Renaissance Venice': Behind the Facade The Republic of Venice was active in the production and trading of salt, salted products, and other products along trade routes established by the salt trade. Historians have long recognized the contribution of Venice to this period for many years. The tourist industry has been actively encouraged by the authorities. A series of subsequent votes and laws further ensconced a legally ensconced Venetian nobility that had not existed before.
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