It can grow and bear well where normal grain, cotton, oil crops, vegetables, and fruit trees cannot survive. Dongzao. Farm Prod. Hortic Res 7, 119 (2020). The beginning of this period was marked by the founding of the Peoples Republic of China in 1949. J. Genome-wide screening of SSR markers and reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis. Biotechnol.94, 123129 (2019). The oldest collection of poems in China, called The Book of Songs, contains the sentence Jujube fruit picked in August and rice harvested in October, indicating that jujube was domestically cultivated as early ago as 3000 years ago. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Fruit. A series of gene families and metabolisms responsive to phytoplasma infection were studied, showing that photosynthetic, carbohydrate, and energy metabolism play crucial roles during phytoplasma infection33 and that the MAPK-WRKY pathway is responsive to phytoplasma stress23,24,32. J. . Hefei: Anhui Agricultural University (2014). Bi, J., Yu, J., Bai, S., Wang, P. & Ding, Y. Chen, Y. L. & Schirarend, C. Rhamnaceae. Agrofor Syst 40:215225, Chirko CP, Gold MA, Nguyen PV, Jiang JP (1996) Influence of direction and distance from trees on wheat yield and photosynthetic photon flux density (Q Cymosiflora Cheng et Liu and Ser. 6 Key Jujube Benefits: Dosage & Safety | The Botanical Institute Acta Hortic. Sci. Further studies indicated that GLDH and MDHAR are the crucial genes in jujube AsA synthesis and recycling, respectively27. When the two plant species grow together interspecific interactions between them inevitably occur. Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding (2017). Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Genome size variation within species of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Based on the challenges facing the jujube industry, we discuss eight research aspects to be focused on in the future. Agrofor Syst 61:237255, Li FD, Meng P, Fu DL, Wang BP (2008) Light distribution, photosynthetic rate and yield in a Paulownia-wheat intercropping system in China. Chen, Y., Zhao, Z., Zhao, J. Jujube is a tree that produces a date-like fruit. Among them, stimulating sucker propagation by cutting off the roots at the periphery of the vertical projection of the canopy and separating fasciculate suckers can increase the reproductive coefficient, while gathering and nurturing the suckers in a nursery can greatly improve the quality of the root system. Acta Hortic. using genotyping by sequencing technology. Rep.6, 31503 (2016). China Fruits2, 6470 (2015). Nat. Three emasculation-free methods have been developed based on the discovery of two typical male-sterile germplasms and a group of self-fruitless/self-sterile germplasms that can replace male sterility42,43, which effectively overcame the key obstacle to artificial emasculation in jujube. The traditional production technology development period (end of Han DynastyNorthern Wei Dynasty, or 1 CE500 CE). Stnic, F. Twenty years of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) & Cheng, H. Cultivation technique for direct seeding and orchard constructing of arid area jujube. At the same time, traditional sparse planting systems with large crowns (row spacing and plant height above 5m) and intercropping jujubes with cereal crops (row spacing 12m) were replaced by dense dwarf planting (2m3m) and monoculture orchards. Eur. Moreover, 2000 years ago, jujube had spread throughout China, large-scale jujube commercial production areas had developed, and jujube had become one of the five most important fruit trees in China, namely, peach, apricot, plum, chestnut, and jujube. These dominant cultivars have replaced the traditional cultivars, which has greatly improved the cultivar structure in China. conceived of the paper and wrote the first draft. Spatial distribution of root length density (RLD, cm 125 cm) in a jujube trees grown alone for 5 years, b 5-year-old jujube trees intercropped with wheat, c jujube tree grown alone for 7 . Zhao, Z. et al. Spectr. It was reported that jujube originated from the Yellow River valley between Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces, China, after studying ancient documents, fossils and modern distributions as well as the transitional genotypes of jujube and sour jujube1,5. Specific reference genes for RT-qPCR of jujube were selected under a variety of conditions and sourced from different tissues/organs, fruit development stages, and biotic/abiotic stresses, providing more choices for further gene expression analysis and functional studies in jujube22,23,24,25,26. Dongzao). PubMed and wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.) Acta Hortic. & Zhang, P. Study on respiration type of different cultivars of Chinese jujube fruit. This evidence showed that the traditional jujube cultivation technology system had been established at 1500 YA, and many of these processes have been used continually until the present. Trans. 1). Process.8, 4547 (2014). ), or Chinese date, is the most important species of Rhamnaceae, a large cosmopolitan family, and is one of the oldest cultivated fruit trees in the world. 2009BADA4B03), by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (Project No. They are not particular about soil pH, but do need to be planted in full sun. Fruit drying technology has gradually changed from traditional natural drying under the sun to dehydration in a drying room or by drying machine129. Third, jujube fruit can satisfactorily meet the various needs of marketers. BMC Genomics21, 191 (2020). More farmers in China now graft or bud onto seedling rootstocks. Omissions? An evolutionary divergence analysis of jujube, pear and Prunus mume found that the 4DTv (fourfold synonymous third-codon transversion) rate of jujube peaked at only 0.50, suggesting that no recent whole-genome duplication had occurred in jujube12. 2). It only takes 10 days to differentiate flowers whenever there is new shoot growth1. Ji, Q. Comparative analysis of the complete chloroplast genome of four known Ziziphus species. Acta Hortic. However, propagation via tissue culture has not been used on a large scale in jujube in China because of the high technical requirements, high cost, and late fruiting of micropropagated plants. Consumers usually prefer large fruits, but increasing fruit size by applying more fertilizer and plant regulators may result in poor fruit quality. Silvae Sin.45, 4449 (2009). Miao, L. The Analysis of Tripenoids of the Fruit of Chinese Jujube. Fresh keeping and changes in some physiological indexes of Chinese Dongzao jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) Sin.33, 374377 (2006). Fruit. Bot. Univ.21, 124126 (2009). This article was most recently revised and updated by, Nature - The historical and current research progress on jujubea superfruit for the future, jujube - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Soc. According to a comprehensive investigation, more than 100 pests and diseases have been observed in jujube1. fruits in China. Both the seeds and fruit have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years to improve sleep quality, support the nervous system, and encourage healthy digestion. The tree can be propagated by seed or root sprout. Effects of drying methods on changes of Vc, reducing sugar and total acidity in Chinese jujube. Stnic, F., Dicianu, D. E. & Butcaru, A. C. Jujube fruits behaviour at controlled atmosphere storage. After entering the 21st century, great progress has been made in polyploidy and cross-breeding in jujube. A study on the classification of jujube and wild jujube by peroxidase isozyme. Distribution and dynamics of fine roots length and biomass. Four generations of polyploid induction techniques using colchicine as the main mutagen have been developed for jujube, i.e., in vivo apical bud induction71, in vitro apical or lateral bud induction72, in vitro callus/embryo induction73 and in vivo callus induction74. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. & Wang, Y. Chinese Fruit Trees Record-Chinese Jujube (China Forestry Publishing House, 1993). Drain the fruit, and add rum and/or vanilla to taste. Tree Genet. The practical techniques include cold storage, controlled atmosphere storage, decompression storage, and controlled freezing-point storage119,120,121,122. A novel method for rapid in vivo induction of homogeneous polyploids via calluses in a woody fruit tree (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). It can be seen that jujube fruit can meet the marketers demand for profits and risk avoidance. Xu, C. et al. The specific objectives should include outstanding resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, dwarfing, low branching ability, thornlessness, early bearing, high and stable yields, high quality, stonelessness, high nutrient levels, various ripening times, ease of transport and storage, and multiple-use cultivars. It's just a better tree for in-ground planting. Wang, L. et al. The government and society pay more attention to ecological friendliness, the efficient use of land resources and the social and economic advantages for rural farmers in marginal regions. Genome-wide analysis of the bHLH gene family in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) J. Agric. Jujube fruit also has very positive meanings in Chinese culture, such as a sweet life, a flourishing business, fertility, harmony, and happiness. J. Agric. Technol.33, 396402 (2015). There are many traditional processed jujube products, such as candied jujube, smoked jujube, stoneless sugared jujube, jujube liquor, liquor-saturated jujube, jujube jam, jujube paste, and so on103,148,149. Hudinai, M., Liu, M., Veberic, R., Stamper, F. & Colaria, M. Phenolic compounds in the fruit of different varieties of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). Environ. Liu, M., Zhao, J. Plant Genet. Environ.11, 405409 (2013). Benefiting from late bud sprouting (~20 days later than peach), late flowering (June in North China) and a 2-month flowering period, jujube avoids late frosts and biennial bearing. PubMedGoogle Scholar, Zhang, W., Ahanbieke, P., Wang, B.J. Its utilization and cultivation history can be traced back to the Neolithic age, 7000 years ago1,2,3,4,5. In recent years, equipment for jujube fruit sorting or integrated cleaning and sorting has been developed and widely applied in the jujube industry in China133,134,135. Acta Hortic.769, 265269 (2006). carnosicalycis Wang), f. allochroa Cheng et Liu, f. heteroformis Cheng et Liu (Z. jujuba Mill. cv. It has unique branch and bud characteristics, i.e., usually only the primary shoots can extend, the dormant buds have a very long life, the secondary shoots die back naturally each, the mother-bearing shoots can only extend by ~1mm per year, and the bearing shoots fall off in the fall. Google Scholar. CAS (3) Current labor-intensive cultivation techniques were developed with the goal of increasing yields on small farms with inexpensive labor. 31121062). The jujube genome provides insights into genome evolution and the domestication of sweetness/acidity taste in fruit trees. China Fruits3, 4647 (1983). Acta Hortic. The joint map across the 12 linkage groups (the same as the basic chromosome number in jujube) spanned 1020.22cM, with a mean marker distance of 0.32cM. In particular, the use of sour jujube seeds, rather than pits, to obtain rootstocks has become the mainstream method; using this method, the seedlings grow faster and more uniformly than in rootstocks obtained from pits2. The root distribution reacts primarily to the availability of water and nutrients. In the past 20 years, postharvest treatment technology for Chinese jujube has made great progress. Forests10, 460 (2019). jujuba Mill. - 148.251.123.50. Jujube tree roots showed a mainly downward trend and . Phytopathology108, 10671077 (2018). Chen, G., Zhang, Z., Ma, J., Zhao, L. & Cao, L. Studies on postharvest physiology and storage technology of Dongzao. Su, C., Liu, X., Yan, C., Bai., X. When I planted my Jujube as a bare root tree, I chopped it down to knee height about 2 feet tall and it finished the summer around 9 feet. The raw fruits are high in vitamin C. Most are varieties of the common jujube (Z. jujuba), native to China, where they have been cultivated for more than 4,000 years. This may be due to the increase d water absorption ca pacity of the root system caused by severe . Liu, P. et al. cv. Nat. If material is not included in the articles Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Chen, Y. Stnic, F. Preliminary results regarding the behaviour of some Chinese date varieties (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Combining comparative genome, transcriptome, and metabolome data, the molecular mechanism underlying the high contents of ascorbic acid (AsA) and sugar in jujube fruit (~100 and 2 times those of apple, respectively) were revealed. Sin.41, 21152124 (2014). var. Solar greenhouses along hillsides facing the sun in the Taihang Mountains of Hebei Province have the advantages of lower investment costs, better sunlight, and much better heat retaining properties than a traditional greenhouse by using the mountain as the back wall of the greenhouses107. Since no new gene fusions or multiple trait combinations are available in autopolyploidization and it is difficult to make large breakthroughs via selection breeding, there is no substitute for cross-breeding, and its advantages are also incomparable. Acta Hortic. (6) Quality and nutrition preservation with postharvest and processing technology: adapting to internet and international marketing and upgrading the jujube market structure; making jujube an essential raw material in several superfoods that are increasingly requested by the market in addition to being directly used as fresh or dried fruit13; extending different production and processing certification systems (e.g., Global GAP, Organic, etc.)
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