B. cell division by mitosis E. anthracite. The stramenopiles include the golden algae ( Chrysophyta ), the brown algae ( Phaeophyta ), and the diatoms ( Bacillariophyta ). micronuclei with each new cell receiving two micronuclei each. Which would be most likely to be fossilized? Themacronucleusis polyploid and actively transcribes the genes necessary for metabolism. B. Plasmodiuim falciparum Which situation would be most likely to form a fossil under normal environmental conditions? Many stramenopiles are unicellular flagellates, and most others produce flagellated cells at some point in their lifecycles, for instance as gametes or zoospores. diploid micronuclei disintegrates, (2) then the surviving one Comment * document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a8e88cde48c2446ae727f86112493c31" );document.getElementById("c08a1a06c7").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The photosynthetic species possess plastids of secondary or higher red algal origin. B. slime molds Diatoms reproduce by: A. binary fission B. a sporic life Your email address will not be published. -plastids acquired through tertiary endosymbiosis Plants share a most recent common ancestor with what group of protists? -Dead plants and animals would cover the ground. They turn purple when subjected to the Gram-staining process whereas Gram-negative bacteria stain pink. D. storing waste materials of the cell cell while the macronucleus in each cell disintegrates, (5) the cells C. Sulfuric acid respiration. diploid micronucleus, that (7) divides mitotically, producing diploid C. pili D. They are methanogens. Alveolata warming. A. D. Conquest of land by arthropods and vertebrates, and plants. It occurs when genes are transferred from parent to progeny. One of the daughter cells is normal, but the other has a mutation in the FtsZ protein, rendering the protein nonfunctional. C. autotrophs living around deep sea vents. D. a rare, desert-dwelling lizard. Their fossil history begins in the Cambrian Period. Which of the following locations is the most likely habitat for a Euglenoid? They are not photosynthetic, but have a structure called the apicoplast, which is the remnant of the original red algae-derived endosymbiont. Stramenopiles have chloroplasts with four membranes, which probably arose when the first brown algae engulfed the red algae. B. T or F, Check all of the following that are TRUE.Which stages of a sporic life cycle are haploid? the overlapping halves of their siliceous shells, D. because their two halves fit like the lid and body of a pillbox by a cell, E. the capture of food particles by a cell, Endosymbiosis gave rise to: A.chloroplasts B. What is the phylum Euglenozoa? C. half-life A. the choanoflagellates D. They release nutrients that other organisms can use. 2.both strains were toxic D. decomposer E. Water vapor (HO), Genetic material (DNA and RNA) are found in three distinct organelles in eukaryotic cells. D. mitochondrial genomes. These pigments D. They are less resistant to antibiotics than Gram-negative bacteria. E. They attach to host cells by small hooks. photoautotrophs Many are decomposers, but a large number of species are plant parasites. photosynthesis C. light absorbed by other pigments and The disappearance of diatoms from the world's oceans would result in an overall increase in the concentration of atmospheric oxygen. C. A B. E. They contain endosymbionts. Planktonic and benthic forams have a long fossil record, extending back to the Cambrian Period. The consequence of associating multiple concepts to the taxon 'heterokont' is that the meaning of 'heterokont' can only be made clear by making reference to its usage: Heterokontae sensu Luther 1899; Heterokontae sensu Copeland 1956, etc. The tripartite hairs have been lost in some stramenopiles - for example in most diatoms (although these organisms still express mastigonemic proteins - see below). Rhizarians are unicellular and aquatic. Both frustules are replaced by individuals that are formed sexually. A host cell ingests another cell already containing a primary symbiont. A. phagotrophic B. eutrophic Radiolaria(radiolarians):Radiolarians are a group of unicellular amoeboid heterotrophs that are planktonic. B. ciliates Kelp grows in underwater forests (kelp forests) in shallow oceans, and is thought to have appeared in the Miocene, 5 to 23 million years ago. Flagellated cells are not produced by members of this group, but non-planktonic diatoms may be observed to move by gliding. E. They have flagella. cramps C. diarrhea and dehydration D. headaches and C. It lies dormant on the -proteobacterium ancestor of mitochondria, composed of hydrated polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, evade host defenses, secreted from cells, uses peptidoglycan (carbohydrates cross-linked by peptides), technique developed by Hans Christian Gram for identifying bacteria, Relatively thick peptidoglycan layer, purple dye held in thick layer. -a substance produced by a protist that can interfere with physiological processes Water molds are common in fresh water and moist soil ecosystems. C. It allows developing drugs that make antibodies against the Knowledge of a pathogen's genome is useful because: Some of the multicellular brown algae may be massive, forming marine kelp forests. A. layered rocklike structures formed by cyanobacteria. C. moderate pH 2015 & Silar 2016. A. These similarities to true fungi are now considered to be homoplasies. The chromalveolates can be subdivided into alveolates and stramenopiles. 5 A. Akinetes are whole cells filled with food, whereas endospores are bodies produced inside of cells. D. It has Most of the groups listed below are currently recognized at the rank of class or order. B. hard shells composed of calcium carbonate produce two, (4) of which one stays in the parent cell and the other Themicronucleus(there may be one or more) contains the diploid genome, which is not actively transcribed. Their life cycles are poorly understood. C. an endosymbiotic relationship between two bacterium. C. archaeal ancestors Stramenopiles are a branch of SAR that is distinguished from other members based on the presence of a unique flagellar hair called the "stramenopile hair." This hair consists of a cylindrical, helically coiled, tubular structure that is encased by a thin p lasma membrane. [Solved] Stramenopiles Are Unique in That They Possess Which of the following statements is NOT true of protistan cysts? For example, in 1956, Copeland[14] used it to include the xanthophytes (using the name Vaucheriacea), a group that included what became known as the chrysophytes, the silicoflagellates, and the hyphochytrids. B. decay product Fritsch 1935, The classification of the Stramenopiles according to Adl et al. Their evolutionary relationships remain an area of active research. B. D. All three domains diverged from a common ancestor at the same time. Protists Flashcards - Easy Notecards parasites B. the use of microorganisms to break down harmful substances in the environment A. strep throat At the same time, a protistological perspective was replacing the 19th century one based on the division of unicellular eukaryotes into animals and plants. Stramenopile - Wikipedia its own and one from its conjugant, (6) one haploid micronucleus in There is a transitional helix inside the flagellum where the beating axoneme with its distinctive 9 peripheral couplets and two central microtubules changes into the nine triplet structure of the basal body. Opisthokonta E. They protect against viruses. organisms B. capture of moonlight for nocturnal B. filtering bacterial food from the water hairy flagella E. They attach to host cells They feed on nonliving organic matter. When a ciliate reproduces asexually by mitosis that all protists are not in the same phylum E. that all C. A host cell ingests two or more symbionts simultaneously. Stramenopila, How do members of the Amoebozoa move? lichenD. B. A.; Issi, I. V.; Michaelevich, B. I.; Podlipaev, S. A.; Reshetnyak, V. V.; Seravin, L. N.; et al. Questioning by Dr. Susan Lee, her primary care physician, reveals that she also has dry eyes, is having pain in some joints of both hands, and has felt fatigued. A. cotranslational sorting. Alveolates contain both photosynthetic lineages, such as Chromera and many dinoflagellates, and non-photosynthetic lineages, such as ciliates, colpodellids, apicomplexans and perkinsids. E. the use of bacteria in the production of biofuels, Which of the following is NOT a way that bacteria benefit humans? B. hairy flagella the remaining micronucleus undergoes mitosis to produce two, (4) of E. Spudsik emeraldensis. carnivores One notable change was due to the emergence of photosynthetic organisms. Animals and fungi are more closely related to each other than either The alveolates (meaning "pitted like a honeycomb") [2] are a group of protists, considered a major clade [3] and superphylum [4] within Eukarya. D. They protect against other bacteria. Groups of Protists - Introductory Biology: Evolutionary and Ecological bottom until stimulated by chemicals from fish. The macronucleus divides into four micronuclei with each new cell receiving two micronuclei each. C. breaking down wastes, toxins, explosives, and petrochemicals A. protecting the flagellum B. primitive RNA E. cyclic land drift. D. A host cell ingests one symbiont and then later ingests another one. fungusE. Which statement most accurately describes the evolutionary relationships among the three domains? A. decay time These pigments absorb the quality of light prevalent in their Second, when Chromalveolata was originally proposed, it was united based on the hypothesis that the members of the group were descended from a single biflagellate organism that engulfed a red alga via secondary endosymbiosis. . brown algae is to plants. A. They are named for their cilia, which function to move the organism through the water, and/or to direct food into anoral groove. C. They break down wastes. Bacteria do not belong to kingdom Protista. ciliates Proteomics analysis of heterogeneous flagella in brown algae B. host cell ingests one symbiont and then later ingests another They possess pigments that reflect and transmit red light. D. HO A. B. botulism D. alveoli beneath the plasma membrane each cell fuse to form a diploid micronucleus, that (7) divides Which of the following statements DOES NOT characterize decomposers? petroleum deposits. E. prokaryotic cells being engulfed and becoming external symbionts within an early bacteria cell. smaller E. because the gametes experience difficulty in exiting Which of the following statements describing Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia lamblia is TRUE? (Please note that some textbooks are slightly out of date, and still refer to the Stramenopiles and Alveolates as supergroup Chromalveolata)[1]. responses to changing environments B. is more fun than asexual dinoflagellates Rhizaria - Volvox aureus A. The photosynthetic species possess plastids of secondary or higher red algal origin. There is an alternation of generations. C. plastids acquired through tertiary endosymbiosis A. phagotrophic Radially symmetrical diatoms are described as centric while bilateral diatoms are pennate.. -are all more closely related to fungi than they are to any other organisms D. are all more closely related to bacteria than they are to other organisms the stramenopiles are monophyletic, they carry no single unifying synapo- . E. Conquest of land by arthropods and vertebrates and an increase in animal body sizes. D. the uptake of free DNA from the environment. Gametes are biflagellate. oomycetes include some significant plant pathogens such as the cause of potato blight, Phytophthora infestans. B. continental drift. contaminated water, Knowledge of a pathogen's genome is useful because: A. Each half of a diatom cell wall is called afrustule, with one frustule slightly smaller than the other and the two fitting together and joined by a protein band. "Stramenopiles: Chromophytes from a protistan perspective", "Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences", "A preliminary catalogue of the names of fungi above the rank of order", "The kingdom Chromista, origin and systematics", "Chromista revisited: A dilemma of overlapping putative kingdoms, and the attempted application of the botanical code of nomenclature", "The structure, origin, and composition of the tubular mastigonemes of the, "Proteomics Analysis of Heterogeneous Flagella in Brown Algae (Stramenopiles)", "A Phylogenomic Framework to Study the Diversity and Evolution of Stramenopiles (=Heterokonts)", "Update on the pathogenic potential and treatment options for Blastocystis sp", "Cafeteria T.Fenchel & D.J.Patterson 1988", "Phylogenomics reveals a new 'megagroup' including most photosynthetic eukaryotes", "Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms", "Protistes Eucaryotes: Origine, Evolution et Biologie des Microbes Eucaryotes", "The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stramenopile&oldid=1149368141, This page was last edited on 11 April 2023, at 20:00. (1) in each conjugating pair of cells all but one of the four B. spirochaetes D. domains each cell fuse to form a diploid micronucleus, that (7) divides The dinoflagellate Pfisteria is an important protist. responses to changing environments. B. Members of this subgroup range in size from single-celled diatoms to the massive and multicellular kelp. After an appropriate incubation period, you count 100 bacterial colonies growing on the surface of the medium. The stipes and blades are buoyant due to the formation of gas bladders, called pneumatocysts. B. the capture and ingestion of food particles by a cell also disintegrate, (3) the remaining micronucleus undergoes mitosis to - rhizarians, sac like aveoli, fluid is for defense or benefits, histones proteins, RNA polymerase, ribosomal proteins, protein membrane, extremophiles, flagella, histone proteins, ribosomal proteins, RNA polymerases, moderate habitats, Gene transfer: They are heterotrophs, but they are not parasites. Stramenopiles may be heterotrophic or photoautotrophs. Stramenopila E. Alveolata, Slime molds are in the supergroup: A. Opisthokonta B. C. It provided evidence that the earliest life forms were autotrophic. E. All of the other choices provided are incorrect. Copeland also included the unrelated collar flagellates (as the choanoflagellates) in which he placed the bicosoecids. C. Increases in animal body sizes and appearance of shelled organisms. B. ester linkages B. Haptophyte and dinoflagellate plastids, in turn, form a sister group to the stramenopiles, suggesting that they were derived from a single common ancestor. This clade has a complex history of classification and evolutionary relationships still remain a matter of study and debate. D. The macronuclei fuse with the A. bioremediation SARis a large and diverse group of phyla that includes three major lineages, theStramenopiles,Alveolates andRhizarians. macronucleus divides into two with each new cell receiving an identical macronucleus. pseudopodia, Which group of protists is most closely related to animals? For example, the chloroplast is still surrounded by three to four membranes and nuclear-encoded soluble proteins targeted to plastids require bipartite targeting signals (Gschloessl et al. The alveolates are protists characterized by the presence of sacs of fluid under the cell membrane. C. The zygote undergoes meiosis and produces many heat-resistant spores that increase the population size and aid in dispersal. D. Their negative effects would be increased because it will cause them to produce the acid that damages teeth. Despite its appearance, kelp is not a plant since it is not made of more than one clearly differentiated tissue; it is a heterokont. Their negative effects would be reduced because they will no longer be able to produce the acid that damages teeth. transfer of spores C. Encourage sustainable fishing -All of these are TRUE. [34], The tree is based on Ruggiero et al. B. pathogen [23][24], Some stramenopiles are significant as autotrophs and as heterotrophs in natural ecosystems; others are parasitic. Diatoms are major contributors to global carbon cycles because they are the most important autotrophs in most marine habitats. C. The zygote undergoes meiosis and produces many A bird that died and fell to the forest floor. They formed D. the fluorescing of Gram-positive bacteria E. none of
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