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Commun. Such nanorobots can create almost anything without the need to destroy the forest and buy oil from the foreign countries. In one study, anti-HER2 targeting ligand moieties functionalized on the surface of liposome increased the cellular uptake of the nanoparticles in HER2-expressing cancer cells. Several researchers have demonstrated that half-generation dendrimers exhibit lower toxicity than the full generation of polyamide amine [277,278,279]. According to the World Health Organization, cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 9.6 million deaths in 2018 [].The global efforts in cancer prevention, early diagnosis, screening and treatment, have been challenged by the complexity and variability of tumors (reviewed in []).The genomic instability of tumor cells and a pro-inflammatory . Likewise, intracellular drug delivery can be enhanced by utilizing carbon nanotube-based phototherapies. Terms and Conditions, Int. 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The most striking properties of dendrimers such as branches, distinct molecular weight and globular assembly with meticulous surface functionality, and multivalency, can be exploited to be used as carriers for drug delivery [275]. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. 2023 Mar 27;15(3):393-409. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i3.393. Thus, to mitigate the problems associated with nanomaterial-based therapeutic agents for cancer treatment, design and development strategies need to be employed before they are used in medicine for better treatment and human life. The pH dependent release studies indicated the drug release was greater at pH 5.5 than pH 7.4 and could effectively target epidermal growth factor receptor-expressing CT-26 murine colorectal cells. Chem. Besides, liposomal co-delivery of chemotherapeutic agents can minimize cancer cell drug resistance and make them more sensitive to individual drugs. Oncol. 327354, Chapter Tailor-made nanomaterials functionalized with specific ligands can target cancer cells in a predictable manner and . 7, 653 (2010), S.K. Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles are one of the most useful materials as drug delivery vehicles due to their controllable size and shape, biocompatibility and easy surface functionalization. It is recommended that additional studies must be carried out to address the toxicity concerns, since the metal-based nanoparticles are easy to tune with the required properties for efficient loading of drugs and their potential may be excessively high in the field of biology and medicine. Graphical illustration of passive and active drug targeting strategies. J. Pharm. Upon intravenous administration of nanoparticles into patient-derived xenograft (PDX) prototype of pancreatic cancer, exceptional tumor targeting and penetration was obtained. Pharm. 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G4.0-polyamide amine-HEP-mPEG revealed precise release of doxorubicin and had prolonged retention compared to pristine doxorubicin in both Hela and fibroblast NIH3T3 cancer cells. Active targeting approach has been exploited to increase internalization of nanoparticles by the target cells and improve the drug delivery efficacy. Res. The authors have suggested that the antitumor effect of the surface modified docetaxel loaded polylactic acid nanoparticles resulted from the targeted delivery to HepG2 cells [269]. Mock et al., Evidence for distinct mechanisms of uptake and antitumor activity of secretory phospholipase A2 responsive liposome in prostate cancer. Nat. A few current strategies are based on the chemistry programmed into the nanosystems that are responsive towards pH or temperature, erosion due to the local chemical environment, redox reaction-based release, and enzyme-mediated release as discussed below [62]. Mater. Outlines the benefits and disadvantages of targeted therapy versus conventional chemotherapy. Eur. Typically not drugs themselves, nanoparticles have the potential to deliver traditional cancer drugs to tumors with fewer side effects, or to enable non-traditional drugs (e.g., proteins or nucleic acids) to be targeted to . 509(1), 168177 (2016), A. Kumari, S.K. Gao et al. Mater. In the quest to get viable treatments with no. Further, antibodies, small proteins, peptides, nucleic acid-based ligands, aptamers, small molecules, and oligosaccharides are used as targeting ligands [134,135,136,137,138,139]. Am. Privacy 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Phytochemical-based nanodrugs going beyond the state-of-the-art in cancer management-Targeting cancer stem cells in the framework of predictive, preventive, personalized medicine. 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From the above discussion, it can be concluded that nanomaterials for therapeutic applications need to be engineered carefully with respect to their size and shape, because both of them have noteworthy impact on the uptake process of cells, and can potentially induce cellular responses. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Werner et al., Folate-targeted nanoparticle delivery of chemo- and radiotherapeutics for the treatment of ovarian cancer peritoneal metastasis.
