from bases in France beginning in Sep. Just read American Hero the biography of Tommy Hitchcock who was instrumental in the development of the P51B Mustang equipped with the Rolls Royce Merlin engine. Hi again Roger All went well as the formation, now down to 167 heavily laden bombers, flew onward. 1 Aug 43. It was active during World War II as a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress Operational Training Unit, training newly organized units, then as a Replacement Training Unit for aircrews. The 93rd Bomb Group was one of the three 8th Air Force B-24 groups that were detached (TDY) and sent to North Africa in support of 12th Air Force on 12 Dec 1942. England, 7 Mar 1944; Bretigny, France, Sep 1944; Laon/Couvron, France, The Traveling Circus was living up to its name. Luke', Sgt James C. Hilty, ball turret gunner, survived What the hell have you done to my ship! The severely damaged Liberator was earmarked for salvage, but Chambers and Stewart managed to save it. Im sure you notice the changes in that area. Hi Hugh, yeah thats lovely. Owner of the original Tom The tail markings have a dark, vertical stripe on the tails. Bomber Groups 340th Bomb Group (M) 344th Bomb Group. Converted to A-26 aircraft in Dec I dont think this is the correct place because your dates are different, but Im looking for more information about the crash where my great uncle lost his life, and I really dont know where else to look. The ground echelon departed for the U.K. on the Queen Elizabeth on 31 Aug 1942, and the air echelon moved to Grenier Field, New Hampshire, and was refitted with B-24Ds. Consequently, the B-24 was underutilized in the strategic bombing role in Europe. I visited Halstead on Thursday by bus. This article was written by Sam McGowan and originally appeared in the May 1997 issue of World War II magazine. This feature also made the airplane suitable for As is often the case, we left it too late to check out what he was saying. ", (NB - Dropmasters from the Ninth Air Force Troop Carrier Command replaced waist gunners on missions in which bundles of supplies rigged for parachute drop replaced the bombs normally carried. Eighth Air Force . 8AF HQs; Bomber Groups; Fighter Groups; Stories; About; Newsletter; 93rd Bombardment Group. I lived there from 1955 70 and small pieces of aircraft were constantly being unearthed when the field just opposite the farm entrance was ploughed. Hi. 93rd Bombardment Group in World War II. B-24 Liberator. 1043/RF: 93BG - encounters heavy flak on way to Misturg.'. The Mighty 8th ?) The 'Market Garden' plan employed all three divisions of First Allied Airborne Army. I know, isnt it strange how one link leads to another! I did find two pictures of Alfred 11 but there were no photos of the crash site. Commanding Officer 93rd , Air Executive, Deputy Wing Commander. Sam_Martin used 'Maurer, Maurer, Ed., Air Force Combat Units of World War II. First a few words Contact Us, If you have any data on servicemen and their units and would like to submit it to our digital library; please Contact Us, Copyright, Army Air Corps Library and Museum, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Still unearthing bits of plane from around crash site but would like to know exact crash site if possible and any photos. 2. Hi After a day of bad weather, the Traveling Circus went to Gotha again on the 24th, followed by Furth on the 25th. Sarah! This entry now includes information from the following contributors and sources: Kind regards Christmas celebrations during theSecond World Waroften had to be scaled down or adjusted as restrictions and shortages took their toll. by Roger A. Freeman (1989). My aunt was active in Knockholt WI. I was living in Orpington and in the winter of 1943 / 4 was taken to see a crashed B17 but not near Curry Wood. Newsletter theater during World War II. is 'bombed up' for its 28th mission from Hardwick, England . I was pleased to see that you had photos of all the crew of Alfred 11. Individuals are permitted to take their own photographs or videos while touring the museum. - Coolers Google search for more B-24 93rd bomb group, 409th squadron. Comptons 376th Bomb Group. On October 8, one month after arriving in England, the 93rd flew its first missionto the Lille-France Steelworks on the Franco-Belgian border. The plane was returning from a raid on the Karlsruhe railway marshalling yards. site. From Libya, the three Eighth Air Force Liberator groups began flying missions against targets in Italy, where Allied ground forces were making their way toward Rome. Baker and Jerstad were posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for their actions over Ploesti. The aircraft was a B-17G Flying Fortress serial number 42-97236. I had an email yesterday from a contact in the states who will send me a picture of one of Shazams crew members so reducing the ones where I havent got a photo to three. Seven from this crew were killed on this mission and 3 returned. Disclaimer, 8af.org, Copyright 2023, Army Air Corps Library and Museum, Inc., All Rights Reserved. 93rd bomb group 409th bomb squadron. 93rd Bombardment Group - HistoryOfWar.org Im afraid I have nothing on that one Roger, maybe someone else has? bridges, communications, and other objectives. Location of Service: Peterson Field; Colorado; Hardwick; England. The newly arrived Liberator group attained a reputation as a hard-luck outfit, and took to calling themselves the Flying Eight Balls.. bomb group. Unfortunately I didnt find any thing new about Shazam at the Forum, but still hopeful that I will get photos of the crew which I need Use on personal social media accounts, provided the individuals are not promoting themselves commercially. IWM collections. In early June, the group was taken off combat operations and ordered to begin practicing low-level flying. and participated in the Battle of the Bulge (Dec 1944-Jan 1945) by The 20th Wing was one of three combat wings of B-24s that made up the Second Air Division, the only B-24 division of the Eighth Air Force. - Strollers right waist and tail (2)] plus a normal maximum load Because of Comptons error, the Traveling Circus targets were on the other side of town, so Baker took the 22 planes of his section toward an unfamiliar target. bomb group. His godson still lives in Curry Wood Gerald Brooks another well known and long-established Halstead family. Will Rogers Field, Okla, 1 Jun 1943; Woodward AAFld, Okla, Restoration Australia. - Box cutters have picture of dad with lt. Harold saviers crew,305thbomb group,365th squad,40th wing,1st bomb div,chelverston. When I was a schoolboy in the 40s (I,m in my eighties now) and attended Margaretting C E school in Essex. Boomerang went on to become the most famous Liberator in the Eighth Air Force. 1. Veterans History Project Service Summary: War or Conflict: World War, 1939-1945. Fighter Groups Most traveled Bomb Group in 8th Air Force It was sad to hear of his death. 1996 - World War, 1939-1945 - 452 pages. Ted's Traveling Circus - The Traveling Circus. 409th Bomber Squadron, 93th Bomber Group, Heavy The Traveling Circus crews worked with crews from newly arrived B-24 groups, teaching them the rudiments of combat flying. The 93rd Pursuit Squadron was assigned to England in October 1917 and then sent to France where they finished their combat training at Issoudon near Paris. Hope this answers your immediate questions and provides a basis for further research. The 93rd was to be part of the mission code-named Tidal Wave, the disastrous attack on the oil fields in Ploesti, Rumania. I have not contacted the museum at Neatshead although I have visited the Hethel air museum where Shazam was based. I would most especially love to know the names of the three survivors, though they may be gone now. 409th Bomb Squadron | American Air Museum Lescuyer vitamin e d3 side! Early next month, the family of our B17s tailgunner will be getting their historic cartridge, in a cheery ceremony at the USAF Academy in Colorado Springs. Interesting to read that Sandy. Hardwick, England. When I contacted the American Battle Monuments Commission I was told of some books that had been written about American aircraft losses during the war. 93rd Bombardment Group 329th Bomb Squadron. B24 Liberator Audio and Video files at Marshall Stelzriede's Wartime Story site. For a time, Baker followed the 376th, but halfway to Bucharest, seeing the smoke of the Ploesti refineries to his left, the 93rd commander made his decision. Highest Rank: Second Lieutenant. cheek, top turret (2), ball turret (2), left and Just starting quest to contact any living relatives and invite to memorial plaque unveiling in our village. Mostly concerned with the site of the pilot who died, Lt. Earl H. Bond, Did you find out about crash site?never heard of this onepaul. Notice:Visitors may be filmed, photographed or recorded by the U.S. Air Force for educational and promotional uses, including for posting on public websites and social media. They remained there until 22 Feb 1943, at which time they returned to Hardwick until 26 Jun 1943. The 93rd Bombardment Group (Heavy) was activated 1 Mar 42 at Barksdale Field, Louisiana. Hi Richard, Thanks for your efforts much appreciated, I was a police officer in the Cambridge area which covered Madingly [ retired 1995 ] and I spent many duties on Madingly Day, and used to call in at various times,very impressive place. Thats why I knew I had the correct person. I have walked past it a few years ago so its also close to a public right of way. If ever this way look us up. Pages 105-121 Power Plant, and more The 93rd became part of the 2nd Combat Bomb Wing in early 1943. The 93rd BG Museum , Station 104 is a WWII Airfield Museum in England, UK. Good luck with your research and I will Keep Lt Reed in mind when I am doing work ok on my Shazam project Constituted as 409th Bombardment Group (Light) on 1 Jun 1943 and Used A-20's in preparing for duty overseas. They are collating memories from us older residents (or in my case ex-resident) so that these may be recorded for posterity and provide a reminder to future generation of what life was like in the village. Youve provided me with a wealth of information, and Im eager to go through it more thoroughly. While the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses did their share in the air war against Germany, they were far from alone in their efforts. I cant thank you enough. 93rd Bombardment Group In Memory Of 10. Note also that the entry from the 457 Bomb Group Assn states that the aircraft broke up with bits falling in the fields near Glatton. . 93rd Bombardment Group Marker (Red arrow) seen in the Memorial Gardens, 7. Data from Air Force Combat Units of World War II By Maurer, Maurer, Published 1986. And heard talk of Douglas Blundell, and the people who lived at Colgates. My assumption is that the crash must have occurred the same day, but that may be wrong. Other times such the as the request about the P-47 above searches all end up pointing to the same very limited resource. Thank you, John. One was called Losses of the US 8th and 9th Airforces Volume 5 April 1944 to June 1944 written by Stan D Bishop.It may be worth checking to see if the crash of Alfred 11 is recorded. 93rd Bombardment Group , 482 Bombardment Group, 389 Bombardment Group, 11. Want to help? Kind regards I will check the B24 web site and see what I can find. Airplane after airplane was hit by the heavy fire and went down in flames. If you would like to use IWM collections materials in a way that is not covered above, require a commercial licence, high-resolution copies, or have manipulation requests, please contact theMedia Sales & Licensing Team. and which test area (Larkhill, Fordingbridge?). 90th Bombardment Group - Jolly Rogers 15th Air Force 91st Bombardment Group - The Ragged Irregulars - 8th Air Force 93rd Bombardment Group - 8th Air Force 95th Bombardment Group - 8th Air Force 97th Bombardment Group,- 15th Air Force 99th Bomb Group - 12th Air Force 100th Bombardment Group Bloody Hundredth - 8th Air Force I moved from Norwich in 1964 although I have been going back on a regular basis as most of my remaining family and some friends live there. Richard. on a mission from North Africa in April 1943 and Have found following info: https://b17flyingfortress.de/en/b17/43-38919/, This is a british site and the link has a photo of the aircraft in question. Browse the 93rd Bomb Group photographs and other documents in the 2nd Air Division Memorial Library digital archive here: www.2ndair.org.uk/digitalarchive/Dashboard/Index/50. Colonel Timberlake and Major Addison Baker led in Teggie Ann, which was also the groups lead ship on subsequent raids. As they approached the refineries, the 93rd lead section encountered heavy flak. Details added, word spacing, spelling changes. It looks as though we have come to the end of the road regarding our research although I will continue to check the internet from time to time just in case any further info. Best wishes, Does anyone know about a P38 that crashed in Water Lane, Cobham, Surrey on 16th March 1944? Corrected Barksdale location from Florida to Louisiana. (Thanks to B24bestoweb). The remainder were killed.. Dedicated to the memory of those who served in the 93rd Bombardment Group (H) of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF), known as 'The Travelling Circus', or 'Ted's Travelling Circus'. From Hardwick, the 93rd resumed flying missions over Europe. It moved to England in February-March 1944 and joined the Ninth Air Force. B-24 Liberators in formation, returning from mission. Hardwick, Richard. The group was activated on 1 June 1943 and was equipped with the A-20 Havoc. Bookmark According to the plan drawn up by Major John Jerstad, now with the 201st Provisional Combat Wing, the 93rd would strike in two sections. She lived in Knockholt. Combined two entries for the 93rd Bomb Group into a single entry. First heavy bomber to fly 25 missions: B-24, 41-23728, Hot Stuff, 330Bomb Squadron PDF Odom L Biography as of March 2023 On August 1, 1943, a total of 177 Liberators took off from Libya for Ploesti39 of them from the Traveling Circus. becoming a Command Post Officer in the 116th Bomb Wing, Robins AFB, Georgia. Four days later, 18 B-24s left Newfoundland and landed in Prestwick, Scotland, after flying through 8_ hours of thunderstorms, ice and strong winds. Unfortunately, my father passed away two years ago so Im unable to check whether this was the crash to which he was referring. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. to England, Feb-Mar 1944, and assigned to Ninth AF. - The insignia of the 409th Bomb Squadron, 93rd Bomb Group. 0 Reviews. Heavy parts of the plane were said to be deeply embedded in the ground and were not recovered. loaded AAC - 409th Bomb Squadron, 93rd Bomb Group : AAAVG_AAC - CafePress Unit of Service: 409th Bomb Squadron, 93rd Bomb Group Location of Service: Fort Snelling, Minnesota; El Paso, Texas; Gulfport, Mississippi; Pocatello, Idaho; Hardwick Airfield, Norfolk, England; France; Germany Highest Rank: Technical Sergeant Dates of Service: 1942-1945 Entrance into Service: Enlisted Military Status: Veteran Materials 93rd Bomb Group | American Air Museum 409TH BOMBARDMENT GROUP (L) ASSOCIATION, INC. Memorial plaques for the 409th BG (click to see full sized image) TABLE OF CONTENTS Memorial Plaques 409th Bomb Group Comrades that Gave Their All. Col Preston P Pender, Jun 1943; Col Thomas R Ford, 4 Jul Hardwick, England. Sgt Joseph T. Paddock, radio operator, killed Hardwick, England. More Has crew list and an account of the crash. Gordijnen maken cursus dactylodewaele. Use on websites that are primarily information-led, research-oriented and not behind a paywall. With the memories of Ploesti still fresh in their minds, the five B-24 groups in Libya were sent on another mission against a heavily defended target, the Messerschmitt factories at Weiner-Neustadt, Austria. Will also have a think about where else you might be able to find the information you need. 3 of the crew were killed in the crash: This may be the same crash. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Hi Roger Disclaimer, 8af.org, Copyright 2023, Army Air Corps Library and Museum, Inc., All Rights Reserved. It was N. of the Halstead- Badgers Mount roundabout road and east of Station Road. The 93rd was now the lead group of the 20th Combat Bomb Wing, under the command of Ted Timberlake, who was now a brigadier general. oil industry at Ploesti, Rumania on August 1, 1943. I had starred it so I would be certain to get back to it, but you see how effective that was. Some of the most important trucking missions were flown in support of General George Pattons Third Army during its breakout from Avranches and the subsequent dash across France. Google search for more B-24 Liberator images. All text within quotes " " is from other Consolidated B-24 Liberator heavy bomber | World War Photos I did a brief enquiry into the Ancestry Website and I see that Lt Reeds body was repatriated to the USA in 1948 and is buried at Benton Harbor Michigan but you may well know that. On December 5, the 328th, 330th and 409th bomb squadrons left foggy England for the hot desert sands of North Africa, while the 329th remained behind for a special mission. Comes to light. Cost: $336,000 First 8th AF Liberator to complete 50 missions. Can you gie me any information on the crash of a USAAF P47 Razor back THunderbolt near the Blackbrook Reservoir (Shepshed Leicestershire)Around the end of the second world war) ? 36 then no. Allied offensive at Caen and the breakthrough at St Lo with attacks on - Service animals CLAIMS TO FAME: Will have a look and drop you a line if I find anything. Range: 2,850 miles (4587km). The 329th squadron had remained in England, working with an experimental program. Underwood, based on the 8th Air Force Strength Report of 6th August 1944, as published in 'The 8th Air Force Yearbook' by Lt. Col. John H Woolnough (1980). Although no submarines were attacked during the 330ths service with that group, Major Ramsay Potts crew was jumped by five German Junkers Ju-88s during one mission. But I cannot find a list of the crew. Before the Traveling Circus could be redeployed to the Pacific, World War II came to an end. PDF THE HISTORY OF THE 409TH BOMB GROUP (L) - 416th.com My Uncle and Aunt, Geoffrey and Mollie Pain, and I lived at Edgehill Stonehouse Road,Halstead, 1954 1968. On September 6, the group flew a diversion for B-17s en route to Stuttgart. He turned Hells Wench 90 degrees to the left, away from the lead group, and headed for Ploestiwith all 38 Traveling Circus planes strung out behind. These sort of discrepancies are not that uncommon. as the famous raid from North Africa against the Inactivated on 7 Nov 1945. Do you know if there was more than one plane that went down there? long over-water missions in the Pacific Theater. Help us to tell the stories that deserve to be told, by contributing information to the archive. of bombs Both Liberators were shot down. B17 Buttercup 306th Bomb Group based at Thurleigh crashed Latchford Oxon Nov 13th 1943, no survivors of 10 crew (all names known). Help us to tell the stories that deserve to be told, by contributing information to the archive. History is a guide to navigation in perilous times. Unknowingly, he had taken up a heading that would miss Ploesti altogetherhis group was headed for Bucharest. Our Facebook photo Thanks so much for writing. I believe the plane was a Dakota with a crew of 5 who sadly all perished. Thank you. The Group flew 396 missions in 8,169 sorties and dropped 19,004 tons of bombs with 100 aircraft MIA. He was killed in action in England on March 31, 1945. Throughout April, the 93rd flew deep penetration missions against targets in Germany, plus strikes at V-2 rocket bases in the Pas de Calais. All visitors may be screened with a metal detector upon entry. 642d: 1943-1945. Do you have any info on B17 crash at Bovingdon herts 1942-3 on a weather check flight, Visited site years ago and found some parts. 1944, in preparation for the invasion of Normandy. Also, would you happen to know the name of the local newspaper there, or a source that may have more documentation of the actual crash? The aircraft crashed in farmland near Park Farm which is about one mile east of the village of Hoxne in Suffolk. It is assigned to the 7th Operations Group, Global Strike Command, stationed at Dyess Air Force Base, Texas. Commanders. George William Sadler Collection | Library of Congress - Water bottles (clear, sealed bottle, up to 20 oz.) Lt Owen B. Coffman, pilot, killed. [MORE], Home II between 1943 and 1945. For more great articles subscribe to World War II magazine today! England. It seems that my intuition led me to write the correct person after all. In addition all bags are subject to search and may be placed through an X-Ray machine. On the 15th, they were sent to Chartres, where the 93rd was the only group to bomb the primary target. His aircraft took off from Glatton at 14:19 hrs on an operational mission. Even though the slim wings made the airplane less stable than the B-17, the B-24 was a good 20 knots faster and could carry a larger bombload over a greater distance. Bombed coastal defenses, V-weapon sites, airdromes, and other targets in France, Apr-Jun 1944, in preparation for the invasion of Normandy. During Jul 1944, aided the After the end of the war in Europe, the 93rd returned to the United States to be re-equipped with Boeing B-29 Superfortresses. PURGE duplicate entry, 1st Air Division records (1AD HQ Historical Society), Drawn from the records of the National Museum of the Mighty Eighth Air Force, Savannah, Georgia / Paul Andrews, Project Bits and Pieces, 8th Air Force Roll of Honor database / The Mighty Eighth. 641st: 1943-1945. As they got there, the fuel eventually ran out. On June 25, 1943, after two weeks of low-level training over England, the 93rd departed for Benghazi, Libya, along with the 44th and 389th. Hi Sandy, 100th Bomb Group - Encyclopedia Information One 93rd airplane was lost, but the 44th had its usual bad luck and took the most casualties. - Food and Soda Drinks Unit of Service: 409th Bomb Squadron, 93rd Bomb Group, 2nd Division, 20th Wing, 8th Air Force Location of Service: Williams Air Force Base, Arizona; Europe Highest Rank: Major Dates of Service: 1942-1945 Entrance into Service: Commissioned Military Status: Veteran Cold War Branch of Service: Air Force I found a detailed reference to 42-3351 though there are not many! In Hardwick, England, A B-24 Liberator crew of the 93rd Bomb The pilot tried to recover too fast, causing too much stress on the tail section which broke off at the tail wheel. Group prepares for a mission. Im trying to locate the site of a B17 crash in West Norfolk. Tags consignment! Feb-Jun 1945; Seymour Johnson Field, NC, Aug 1945; Westover Field, Mass, Sgt John P. Medica, tail gunner, survived. About 93rd Bomb Group, 409th squadron. The pilot overcorrected in trying to pull out and the plane broke in half near the bomb bay. Frank Towler and I reached the plane, the guns had been removed. Do you knowis Park Farm an actual farm, a park, or a village? activated the same day. Anyway, I have digressed away from the point of this site but it is interesting to catch up with people associated with the area. The Archiving the history of Walcott-on-Sea, North Norfolk, at present researching plane crashes during WW2 I have researched the following B24 Liberator 29/4/44 [one killed the pilot] a Mosquito Bomber 13/9/44 [ all crew survived] and Whitley Bomber4/7/41 [all crew survived] I am sure there are more if any one can assist would be grateful. The British people were now resigned to the fact that Hitler had to be stopped by force. 328th Bomb Squadron - 329th Bomb Squadron - 330th Bomb Squadron - 409th Bomb Squadron I visited the Forum in Norwich on Saturday and made some enquiries about the crash at Walcot but without any success. Runway is approx 1km south east of that point. Unit No: 409th Bombardment Squadron (H), 93rd Bombardment Group (H), 2nd Air Division, 8th Air Force Type: B-24D Honky Tonk Gal Serial No: 42-40265 Code: YM:W Location: 16 km (10 mls) from the Ploesti refineries Base: Site #7, Benghazi, Libya Pilot: 1st Lt. Hubert Heslep Womble O-663978 AAF Age 22. I am following up a story of a B-24 that crashed near Swansea during the war with the loss of all hands. http://www.americanairmuseum.com/aircraft/12924. Bomb Groups - National Museum of the United States Air Force Each time we retrieved these items they were handed to the landowner who was aware of the crash site. A FABULOUS photo: click Does anyone know anything about a 409th Bomb Squadron, 93rd Bomb Group (Heavy)B-24H-25-FO Liberator Gypsy Queen Serial# 42-95024 possibly crashed on the afternoon of 5 November 1944 at Shipmeadow, Suffolk (between Beccles and Bungay. About Having stood up in March 1942, the 93rd Bombardment Group (Heavy) was to become the first unit equipped with the Consolidated B-24 Liberator under the command of the Eighth Air Force following its move to RAF Alconbury, England during August 1942. 93rd Bombardment Group (Heavy). On 15 May 42. the Group moved to Ft. Myers, Florida, to continue advanced flight training and also to fly antisubmarine patrols over the Gulf of Mexico. Personnel and group records to digital. My dad has been talking about the crash that occurred at Curry Wood as he lived in Halstead and remembers it occurring. It was the longest B-24 mission of the war to that point. Charles A. 93rd Bomb Group Museum - AeroResource Thanks. Since there were more B-17 than B-24 groups in England, tactics in the Eighth Air Force were built around the Flying Fortress. B-24 Liberator cockpit. I am looking into a crash that occurred during WW2 that happened near Kirkham village. Reviews aren't verified, but Google checks for and removes fake content when it's identified. Pages 122-160 Equipment and Systems, and more Running short of fuel and in poor visibilty, they headed for what seemed to be an airstrip. Memorial at Hardwick Airfield. The most comprehensive and authoritative history site on the Internet. Superfortress 44-61999 Over-Exposed! air crash site on Bleaklow, Aviation Archeological Research and Investigation, https://www.aviationarchaeology.com/src/AARmonthly/May1945O.htm, http://www.americanairmuseum.com/aircraft/12924, http://www.parhamairfieldmuseum.co.uk/390th-bomb-group/interesting-information-and-facts/, https://aircrewremembrancesociety3.com/Aircraft-Losses/USAAF-Losses/U.S.A.A.F.Losses-1943/page-49/, All photos and text are aircrashsites.co.uk unless otherwise stated. Richard. M ore pix and vids to come. Pickel), (Source: http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org/). Even though there were flat fields in which he could have landed, Baker elected to continue leading his group toward the target he had selected. If you have not been to Madingly a visit is highly recommended Kind regards. Click here for frequently asked questions regarding items permitted inside the museum. In May, the group began operating in support of the upcoming invasion of occupied Europe, bombing targets in France and Belgium.
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