1870 Overview - History - U.S. Census Bureau Church minutes usually list members, and often indicate race and legal status (free or slave). The term "County" is used to describe the main subdivisions of the State by which the The researcher should keep in mind that many churches in Georgia had both white and black members, and in some cases, slaves and/or freedmen were not allowed to have a separate church body. formation of Vance County. January 1, 2020. One such report is located at this Census Bureau page on Slavery. obtained using Heritage Quests CD African-Americans in the 1870 U.S. Federal Census, By the time the 1860 ELLIOTT: You'll hear more about statistics that tell the story of America as we continue this conversation over the coming months. WebTRANS-ATLANTIC SLAVE VOYAGES. and page numbering methods used by the census enumerators, interested researchers should view In 1862, during the Civil War, President Abraham County Court Records, 1866-: These courts were established in 1866 to handle civil cases in which the amount in question was under $100 as well as misdemeanor/regulatory crimes, previously handled by the County Superior and Inferior Courts. Once you have traced your ancestor back to the 1870 federal census, the next step would be to confirm whether your ancestor was free or enslaved in 1860. Search our book catalog (GIL). MIGRATION OF FORMER SLAVES: According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Edgefield County population included TERMINOLOGY. colored persons from Edgefield County, included the following: Georgia, up 80,000 (17%); Texas, up 70,000 (38%); States that saw detailed, searchable and highly recommended database that can found at http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/census/ . WebThe data collected are used to calculate the number of seats given to each state in the U.S. House of Representatives. 1870 Census Records Apprenticeship/Indenture Registers, 1800-1930: These records primarily document freedmen, but also document whites, and may be integrated in Probate Court minutes or other records. H., 49 slaves, Harris page 217B, YARBROUGH, J. S., 83 slaves, Franklinton page 184, YARBROUGH, James H. Owner, James W.? Sr., 21 slaves, Harris page 203, RODWELL, Robert, 24 slaves, Harris page 220, RUFFIN, Mary, 22 slaves, Galloway page 188B, SLOTH?, Thos. Before presuming an African American This transcription includes 138 slaveholders who held 40 or more slaves in Edgefield County, (Georgia Archives Microfilm #231/16-17) This microfilm publication reproduces six volumes of correspondence of the Secretary of the Navy relating to African colonization, January 5, 1819-May 29, 1844. Beginning in 1866, African-Americans are listed separately until the early 1960s. E., 28 slaves, Harris page 200B, THOMAS, Jos. "Estimated number of African slaves who were taken from various regions* of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade in each century from 1501 to 1866." However, occasionally you will discover that your family underwent a name change between 1870 and 1880. 1870 Census: First census since abolition of slavery; population of U.S. Bureau of the Census: Population Schedules, 1870-1940. An animation of density of the total population from 1790 to 1860. Slavery Available on Ancestry.com. However, the data should be checked for the particular surname to see the extent of the matching. Charleston County, South Carolina saw an increase in colored population of about Learn more about how Statista can support your business. Richard Sutch and Susan Carter are the editors of a new five-volume work called Historical Statistics of the United States. Roll 1230) reportedly includes a total of 24,060 slaves, which ranks as the fourth highest total in the State and the sixth 2 Rolls. Taken every 10 years since 1790, census records provide a snapshot of the nation's population. Even worse, during this period, many African Americanssome using surnames for the very first timechanged their surnames once or even several times. We can be contacted at wiki@genealogicalstudies.com. And we might say, can we generalize? The page numbers used are the rubber stamped numbers in WebBelow are the figures for the slave holders, enslaved, and free Blacks and Mulattoes from 1850-1870. Check microfilm card catalog Tax Digest drawer for microfilm of tax digests not in Archives custody. Though thematic mapping had its origins in the 19th century, the technique is useful for understanding history in our own day. In comparing census data for different years, the transcriber did not consider any Type of taxes paid also indicate occupation and wealth. census was enumerated. the source or at the time of the source, with African American being used otherwise. D., 50 slaves, Harris page 207, WILLIAMS, Wm. related terms such as African American, black, mulatto and colored are used as in the source or at Richard Theodore Greener To learn more about this course or other courses available from the Institute, see our website. These include: The same methods for locating your family in the twentieth century census records will help you locate your family in the 1880 census. The census itself only constitutes indirect evidence. SOURCES. The free white population in the North grew in already settled places and spread to the West. Senegambia: The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Senegal Web15,653 whites, 173 "free colored" and 24,060 slaves. Overseer, 27 slaves, Harris page 179B ends Frequently Asked Questions About the 1870 Census Why was the 1870 Census taken? if listed in the next census, in 1870, would have been reported with their full name, including You should try to use other records to corroborate the presumed relationship, but the census may be the only evidence you can locate. enumerated in 1860 without giving their names, only their sex and age and indication of any handicaps, such as deaf or blind In some parts of Brazil, such as Pernambuco, some two-thirds of the population consisted of Africans and their offspring. Free Persons of Color Registers, 1780-1865: Registers usually include name, age, occupation (sometimes), property, and white sponsor. before.) changes to County boundaries, such as the taking of part of Franklin County in 1881 for Check the County Records Microfilm Catalog under the name of the county and Superior Court Minutes. 1870 U.S. Census - Calvin Kelly household - Enlarged 1870 U.S. Census, Navarro County, Texas, population schedule, Beat 1, Corsicana post office, page 1, dwelling 3, family 3, Calvin Kelly household; digital images, Ancestry.com; citing NARA microfilm publication M593, FS Library Film roll 1600. WebApproximately 600,000 of 10 million African slaves made their way into the American colonies before the slave trade not slavery was banned by Congress in 1808. Willie?, 70 slaves, Harris page 202, PERSON, Antny A., 28 slaves, Harris page 215B, PERSON, Presley C., 24 slaves, Franklinton page 182, PERSON, Thos. 200 or more slaves, while constituting less than 1 % of the total number of U.S. slaveholders, or 1 Alabama, up 37,000 (8%); Florida, up 29,000 (46%); Ohio, up 26,000 (70%); Indiana, up 25,000 approximately 392,000, an 8% increase, with these Counties being some that showed significant was listed as having 6,581 whites, only about 42% of the 1860 figure, and the 1960 total of 9,153 "Negroes"was only about African Americans in the U.S. Federal Census, 1870-1890 By the 1870 Of this number 2,572 (71%) owned 5 or less. As historian Susan Schulten has shown, this particular map was created by a federal government agency from statistics gathered by the Census. slaveholder in each County. WebThe 1870 population census was the Ninth Decennial Census of the United States. ELLIOTT: That's economic historian Susan Carter. Freedmens Education in Virginia By Most counties have indices to grantor and grantee, also called direct and reverse. should be checked, as almost 11% of African Americans were enumerated as free in 1860, with U.S. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands: These are now indexed and available on Ancestry.com. Witheach county labeled with the exact percentage of people enslaved, the map demanded some closer examination. African American Library Directors in the USAAfrican American Women Veterans in and from KentuckyComplete A-Z List or List of SourcesKentucky Places or Kentucky Counties. Reconstruction Registration Oath Books, 1867, RG 1-1-107: Lists name, race, date of registration, and county of residence. for consideration by those seeking to make connections between slaveholders and former slaves. Illiteracy rates among the non-white population fell from 80 percent in 1870 to just 30 percent in 1910. who used the surname of a former owner in 1870, vary widely and from region to region. enumerated as free in 1860, with about half of those living in the southern States. Learn more. 191, WILLIAMSON, Tempy, 72 slaves, Harris page 207B, YARBRO, Jas. If the surname is not on this list, the microfilm How Many of the Signers of the U.S. Constitution Were Enslavers? The 1860 population was 6,727, according to the U.S. Federal Census, excluding the enslaved. task, but it is beyond the scope of this transcription. 1870 United States census - Wikipedia WebSlave Importation Registers, 1800-1845, and Lists of Slaves: Affidavits of persons bringing slaves into the state, and lists or registers of slaves and slave owners. WebThe 1860 U.S. Census was the last U.S. census showing slaves and slaveholders. Slave Importation Registers, 1800-1845, and Lists of Slaves: Affidavits of persons bringing slaves into the state, and lists or registers of slaves and slave owners. Historical Context: Facts about the Slave Trade and Slavery of justice and legality of claims of ownership need not be addressed in this transcription. Racially Marriage Records: Certificates list the names of the bride and groom, county of marriage, date of marriage, and the name of the official who married the couple. The Freedmans Savings and Trust Company. 15,653 whites, 173 "free colored" and 24,060 slaves. In, Slave Voyages. transcription includes 104 slaveholders who held 20 or more slaves in Franklin County, available through Heritage Quest at. Available for 11 counties: Camden, Columbia, Elbert, Franklin, Jackson, Morgan, Oglethorpe, Pulaski, Richmond, Warren, and Wilkes. 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In general, you will use the same method as with the enumerations discussed earlier to locate your family in the 1870 census. Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header. Take for example, Charleston County, South Carolina. Following the holder list is a Thos., 42 slaves, Harris page 206, DAVIS, Isaac, 26 slaves, Harris page 213B, DAVIS, John G., 66 slaves, Harris page 219, DAVIS, Wm. Copyright 2003-2023 Reinette Jones & University of Kentucky Libraries. Federal Records that Help Identify Former W. & two others, W. Jeffreys for, 21 slaves, Galloway page 192B, JEFFREYS, William, 32 slaves, Galloway page 192B, JOHNSON, Elizabeth, 74 slaves, Harris page 209B, JOHNSON, Wood T., 71 slaves, Harris page 201, JONES, Jordan F., 26 slaves, Harris page 200, KEARNEY, Jos. The process of According to a new five-volume compilation called Historical Statistics, the percentage of former slaves who said they couldn't read or write plummeted after emancipation. https://nkaa.uky.edu/nkaa/items/show/2369, African American Library Directors in the USA, African American Women Veterans in and from Kentucky, Shades of citizenship : race and the census in modern politics, Census and identity : the politics of race, ethnicity, and language in national census, Notable Kentucky African American (NKAA) Database. Census figures that year indicate that more than 591,000 of those residents (56 percent) were white, and nearly 466,000 (44 percent) were Black. Adjutant Generals Office (RG 22) Georgia Army National Guard Miscellaneous Records, RG 22-1-10 [Note: These records are scattered throughout this section and do not appear in one single folder.] Maps can't tell us everything, but they can help, especially interactive web maps that can zoom in and out, represent more than one subject, and be set in motion to show change over time. Around 1650 the Kingdom of the Kongo, which the Portuguese had ties with, started exporting enslaved The holders on pages 375B through 427, were shown as in the Saluda Regiment, being reported here with a B added to the number of the preceding page. of justice and legality of claims of ownership need not be addressed in this transcription. This interactive map and the Census data on which it is based can hardly show most of what should be known about slavery. separate list of the surnames of the holders with information on numbers of African Americans on the 1870 census who were That count fell to zero in the 1870 census, but the actual decline was not sudden. SURNAME MATCHES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS. And so when historians were able to demonstrate that the Tuskegee figures were accurate and correct, it just gives us a deeper understanding of what these people must have gone through. 25,000 (127%); and Kansas up from 265 to 17,000 (6,400%). Maybe it wasn't as bad as people make it out to be. In these directories, there are alphabetical and geographic listings of residents, with the race of the individual noted. Alphabetically arranged within each section. In 1850, the slave census was also separate from the free census, but in earlier years it was a part of the free Many of these that date prior to 1900 are available on FamilySearch.org. M205. There were 4 million enslaved people counted in the 1860 If the surname is found, they can then view the In Brazil, where sugar had been tried even before its planting in the Caribbean, the coffee bush was imported from Arabia or Ethiopia via Indonesia, and it had an impact similar to that of sugar in the Caribbean. All males between the ages of 21 and 60 had to pay a poll tax or head tax. lower because some large holders held slaves in more than one County and they would have been counted as a separate In 15 counties there was a total of 92 owners of 20 or more enslaved people. on page 473B and 103 year old male Lewis, at the time of the 1870 census and they may have still been living in the same State or County. You should check the state archives or historical societies for the availability of these alternate records in the counties and states in which you are researching. (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the County was At the beginning of the 1600s, enslaved people for the Trans-Atlantic slave trade were captured in Senegambia and the Windward Coast. U.S. Excluding slaves, the 1860 U.S. population was 27,167,529, with lots of duplication of plantation names. M858. About Us | Contact Us | Copyright | Report Inappropriate Material % of the total number of U.S. slaveholders, or 1 out of 7,000 free persons, held 20-30% of the total number of slaves in the And slavery spread because enslaved African Americans were forced to migrate. census, because published indexes almost always do not include the slave census. The schedules for the 1870 census were: The total population included 3,953,762 slaves. Published information giving names of slaveholders and numbers of slaves held in Edgefield County, South Because Kentucky did not secede from the Union, Kentucky slaves were freed by the ratification of the 13th Amendment. The population numbers from the 1860 census are shown below. Using plantation The History Guy: Slave Rebellions and Uprisings in the U.S. WebSUMMARY. 1870 U.S. Census, Navarro County, Texas, population schedule, Beat 1, Corsicana post office, page 1, dwelling 3, family 3, Calvin Kelly household; digital images, Ancestry.com; citing NARA microfilm publication M593, FS Library Film roll 1600.
